SN1 and SN2 Reactions
Summary
The content provides an in-depth exploration of SN1 and SN2 reactions, detailing their mechanisms, kinetics, stereochemistry, and factors influencing their rates.
- SN1 reactions are unimolecular nucleophilic substitutions characterized by a two-step mechanism where the rate-determining step is the loss of the leaving group, leading to a carbocation intermediate.
- SN2 reactions are bimolecular nucleophilic substitutions that occur in a single step, involving simultaneous bond-breaking and bond-forming processes, leading to an inversion of configuration.
- The rate of SN1 reactions is influenced by the stability of the carbocation, solvent polarity, and the nature of the leaving group, whereas SN2 rates are affected by the steric accessibility of the carbon, solvent type, and nucleophile size and concentration.
- Stereochemistry plays a crucial role in both reactions, with SN1 leading to racemization in optically active compounds and SN2 resulting in inversion of configuration.
- Strategies to favor SN2 over SN1 include using primary carbons, non-polar aprotic solvents, small nucleophiles, and increasing nucleophile concentration.
Chapters
00:00
Understanding SN1 Reactions
04:06
Factors Influencing SN1 Reaction Rates
05:19
Introduction to SN2 Reactions
09:16
Promoting SN2 Reactions Over SN1
