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Aldehydes and Ketones

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Summary
The content provides an in-depth exploration of aldehydes and ketones, focusing on their structure, naming conventions, and physical properties, as well as their chemical behavior in organic reactions.
  • Aldehydes are characterized by a carbonyl group bonded to a hydrogen atom, and their names typically end in 'al' or start with 'formyl'.
  • Ketones possess a carbonyl group flanked by two alkyl groups, with naming conventions replacing 'e' in alkanes with 'one' or using 'oxo' as a prefix.
  • Both aldehydes and ketones exhibit increased polarity, boiling points, and solubility in water compared to alkanes due to the presence of the carbonyl group.
  • The carbonyl carbon in both aldehydes and ketones is electrophilic, making it a target for nucleophilic attack in chemical reactions.
  • Naming examples include methanal (formaldehyde) for aldehydes and propanone (acetone) for ketones, with specific rules for longer chains and substituent groups.
Chapters
00:08
Introduction to Aldehydes
00:14
Naming Aldehydes and Ketones
01:43
Physical Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones
05:21
Chemical Behavior and Reactivity

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Organic Chemistry 2